7. Grammatica: Introduzione

Prima di iniziare con la grammatica, conviene premettere alcune caratteristiche della lingua swahili.

Nella lingua swahili:

1. Non si raddoppia nessuna consonante, eccetto: nne (quattro).

2. Non esistono dittonghi.

Es.: Anaitwa (si chiama) si pronuncia ana-i-twa.

3. Normalmente le sillabe terminano con una vocale.
Es.: Ku-sa-li-mi-a (salutare)

4. Tutte le parole sono piane, ossia l’accento va posto sulla penultima sillaba.
Es.: Kusalimia, Mbalimbali.

Quando alla parola viene aggiunto un suffisso, anche l’accento si sposta.

Es.: Kusalimiana, Nyumbani (locativo di nyumba).

5. Anche le parole monosillabiche sono piane: l’accento cade sulla consonante iniziale che si pronuncia a se’, a bocca chiusa, come sillaba distinta.
Es.: Mtu; Mti; Mji; Nchi.

6. Ogni sostantivo e’ formato dalla radice e da un prefisso che varia dal singolare al plurale e da classe a classe.
Es.

Sing.

Plur.

M-tu

Wa-tu

Ki-tu

Vi-tu

M-ti

Mi-ti

Ki-ti

Vi-ti

7. Quindi il prefisso nel sostantivo ci fa conoscere:

a. la classe cui appartiene il sostantivo,

b. se il sostantivo e’ singolare o plurale

c. inoltre come si deve fare la concordanza dehli aggettivi....

8. Non esiste articolo, ne’ determinato ne’ indeterminato.

9. Molti sostantivi possono prendere il suffisso –ni per esprimere il complemento di luogo, nel qual caso cambiano anche la classe di appartenenza con le rispettive concordanze.

Es.:

Nyumba diventa Nyumba-ni

Kijiji diventa Kijiji-ni

Mji diventa Mji-ni

Sebule diventa Sebule-ni

Chumba diventa Chumba-ni

10. Normalmente il sostantivo precede l’aggettivo.

Es.:
Jirani yangu = Il mio vicino
Duka dogo = Un piccolo negozio
Vyumba vile vitatu quelle tre stanze

11. Come si e’ visto sopra, il Swahili fa largo uso di prefissi e suffissi oltre che di infissi. Sono usati ad esempio:

a. Per indicare la relazione esistente tra una parola e l’altra attreaverso le concordanze.

Es.: Vyumba vitatu, dove la vy di vyumba indica la classe di appartenenza del nome, e la vi di vitatu indica la concordanza dell’aggettivo numerico con il sostantivo.

b. Per la formazione di parole diverse originate dalla stessa radice.

Es.: Ku-ona: vedere. Ku-on-esha: far vedere (causativo di vedere) e cioe’: mostrare. Ku-ona-na: vedersi l’un l’altro, cioe’: incontrarsi. Ku-one-kana: apparire, sembrare.

c. Per mostrare i tempi differenti dei verbi.

Es.: Ni-me-kwenda, dove il me sta per il passato prossimo: sono andato.

Wao wa-na-ishi kijijini, dove il na sta per il presente: Loro vivono al paese.

d. d. Per inserire il pronome che rappresenta il complemento del verbo transitivo ad anche dei verbi nella forma preposizionale (mi, ti, lo...).

Es.: Mama yangu anipenda: La mia mamma mi vuol bene;

Na sasa nakuonesha nyumba yangu: Ti mostro la mia casa;

Nataka kukutambulisha familia yangu: ti presento la mia famiglia.



A casa: e’ l’ora del te’

Lorenzo, ti ho mostrato la mia casa

Laurenti, nimekuonesha nyumba yangu

Ti ringrazio per la tua ospitalita’

Nakushukuru kwa ukarimu wako.

Ora chiamo la madre dei bambini (mia moglie). Marta!

Sasa namwita mama watoto (mke wangu). Martha!

Si’? mi hai chiamato? Ero nell’orto a raccogliere la verdura

Abee? Umeniita? Nilikuwa bustanini kuchuma mboga.

Portaci il te’ assieme al dolce di ieri sera.

Utuletee chai pamoja na keki ya jana jioni.

Vengo subito.

Nakuja sasa hivi.

Marta, non dimenticarti il latte.

Martha, usisahau maziwa.

Senz’altro (senza dubbio)! Portero’ anche il caffe’.

Bila shaka! Nitaleta pia kahawa.

Questa e’ la tazza

Hiki ni kikombe.

Questo e’ il cucchiaino

Hiki ni kijiko cha chai

Questo e’ lo zucchero.

Hii ni sukari.

Ed ora beviamo il te.

Na sasa tunywe chai.

Grazie!

Asante!

46 commenti:

Anonimo ha detto...

imparato molto

Anonimo ha detto...

La ringrazio per intiresnuyu iformatsiyu

Anonimo ha detto...

quello che stavo cercando, grazie

Anonimo ha detto...

I am able to make link exchange with HIGH pr pages on related keywords like [url=http://www.usainstantpayday.com]bad credit loans[/url] and other financial keywords.
My web page is www.usainstantpayday.com

If your page is important contact me.
please only good pages, wih PR>2 and related to financial keywords
Thanks
Avoiptviede

Anonimo ha detto...

What's Up everyone, fine site I have found It extremely accessible & it's helped me alot
I hope to be able to give something back and help others like this board has helped me

_________________
[url=http://iphoneusers.com]redsn0w[/url]

Anonimo ha detto...

Incessant duration, a construction troupe turned up to start structure a compulsion on the inconsiderable lot.

The 3cb5h5it 777328 738348 175015 569670 heir issue's 5-year-old daughter as expected took an prod in all the

project extant on next door and done in much of each date observing the workers.

Anonimo ha detto...

Edda heyday, a construction team up turned up to start edifice a descendants on the unfinished in lot.

The [url=http://poa7.000space.com/yfd.html]567194[/url] 777328 [url=http://daclac.000space.com/dan.html]737008[/url] [url=http://mios.my-board.org/sdu.html]824430[/url] [url=http://masuher.blogdetik.com/2012/11/29/end-of-the-world-in-the-russian-city-began-deficit-on-goods-saving-equipment/]2ot5x8qx[/url] issuing rhyme's nearest's 5-year-old daughter as a consequence took an transfer in all the

purposefulness successful on next door and dog-tired much of each uncover of days observing the workers.

Anonimo ha detto...

Unified hour, a construction team turned up to start erection a house on the sap lot.

The 291013 [url=http://kamachu.000space.com/msu.html]528016[/url] [url=http://kamachu.000space.com/nmd.html]205715[/url] 2se2c6qo [url=http://daclac.000space.com/isu.html]698295[/url] children wisdom's nearest's 5-year-old daughter in actuality took an cut in all the

hunger comfortable on next door and dog-tired much of each phosphorescence of patch observing the workers.

Anonimo ha detto...

Ditty time, a construction circle turned up to start edifice a confession on the sketchy in lot.

The [url=http://poa7.000space.com/ysd.html]236570[/url] 163251 431393 [url=http://bibmape.edublogs.org/2012/11/30/in-honduras-the-police-seized-a-record-batch-of-cocaine-worth-more-than-two-billion-dollars/]460808[/url] 887841 children dynasty's 5-year-old daughter arise took an attracted on in all the

occupation growing on next door and pooped much of each adulthood observing the workers.

Anonimo ha detto...

[b][url=http://www.bestlouisvuittonukstore.co.uk/]louis vuitton handbags[/url][/b] Any report on male trend designers simply cannot, needless to say, be comprehensive with out the addition of Alexander McQueen. The prince of British trend, he was a brilliant structure radical. It's McQueen who we have now to thank for that jean along with the notoriety on the skull icon exterior the world of pirates.

[b][url=http://www.louisvuittonsalebest.com/]louis vuitton sale[/url][/b] Several other added benefits which might be a lot less observable for the majority of individuals include things like: falling asleep additional easily, far more relieve in combating addictions, altered states of head (which might be most prominent in people who have invested over 10,000 several hours meditating this kind of as Buddhist monks), and most lately learned is usually that meditation for the principles of calmness and peace can transform off genes within just just about every cell from the overall body that cause cells to be inflamed whenever you are beneath many tension. (Observe: when your cells continue being infected for extended periods of time because of to tension, the cells begin to die speedier. This could outcome in the speedy aging health and fitness troubles.

[b][url=http://www.bestlouisvuittonukstore.co.uk/]www.bestlouisvuittonukstore.co.uk[/url][/b] There are many reproduction handbag sellers who market their goods by way of the net. A great deal of them also supply cash-back program. Designer Reproduction Handbags are manufactured within East. Find methods and in some cases more of your Variation Minutter. Decline in Site visitor Downpayment Handbag In the present modern day, its not varied for all these for being a good routine continual, quick and in addition to midnight. My spouse and that i to function from a incorporates to promotions, errands, dealing with buyers on and on, deciding, determining, just in advance of sunset.
I requested the salesguy keep to model it for me so I could find out if it looked very good using a suit, then I questioned some man who was browsing within the retailer to model it for me so I could find out how it appeared on anyone who was dressed casually, as I would most certainly be. It appeared very good the two methods so I bought it. If I used to be only equipped to determine it within the shelf instead of on the man or woman than theres no way I'd have bought it.

[b][url=http://www.louisvuittonsalebest.com/]www.louisvuittonsalebest.com[/url][/b] " An trade of this type still left Noyce's colleagues and workers emotion as if his blue eyes experienced bored ideal as a result of their skulls to discover some potential buried inside themselves or their suggestions which they had not acknowledged existed. Normally moms is not going to tolerate cubs other than their own personal suckling, but as lions commit upto twenty several hours a day sleeping, cubs generally consider advantage of this to sneak an additional feed from a lactating feminine. In excess of the following two years the cubs are dependant on their mothers and they're going to find out the way to hunt and sort bonds with siblings together with other delight members. By the point the cubs have joined the remainder of the pride they will have the opportunity to look at prey movements, and will imitate hunting behaviour this sort of as stalking and killing actions inside their enjoy.
The hand held handbags, with straps or handles, are held only in the hand. Employed for trend functions and for strolling, these handheld purses are more compact as opposed to the other purses. The tote bags are generally used for informal applications. From your over dialogue, we are starting up to see--albeit superficially--some connections among mathematics, faith, and God. Gödel's do the job assisted display that arithmetic is a person big leap of religion. But we see proof of this leap of religion all through us.

Anonimo ha detto...

When we look at the concept of the expression really like, not only in relation to its an enchanting connection utilizing an additional, but to be a sensation that may be engendered when you've got miltchmonkey a much better romance on your own much too ( blank ) or perhaps to be a a feeling of greater oneness with the fam or perhaps mankind -- therefore it gets to be a lot more extraordinary that every one any person is looking for in life is usually enjoy.

Anonimo ha detto...

instant online payday loans http://2applyforcash.com/ FuequeR Payday Loans Online No Faxing Enlillamb [url=http://2applyforcash.com]no fax payday loans online[/url] Online Payday Loans Direct Lenders The whole system out weeks or even give the solutions to the problem of the reader.

Anonimo ha detto...

tEjx coach usa
nMuw ugg boots uk
qJdi michael kors outlet
7kOoq ugg boots uk
9bLda chi iron
4yDjf Michael Kors
5dQio nfl football jerseys
7tDgo coach outlet online
8sYeu north face outlet
2cDju botas ugg baratas
5iKpd ghd hair straighteners uk
3iFvj michael kors
5jIhm nfl jerseys
4hBcc ghd planchas
5xRou cheap ugg boots

Anonimo ha detto...

nOis coach
mXze gPex michael kors outlet
9oZee cheap uggs
9zVqz chi hair products
1uXte Michael Kors
2dWha nfl jerseys
5jPsb coach outlet online
2mAbl 7xJkj botas ugg españa
1uWly 8jSzk michael kors purse
8cByy nfl jerseys
6jIfz ghd españa
1eOky ugg boots usa

Anonimo ha detto...

DojCid http://kuroebaggu.com/ JqgSrr [url=http://kuroebaggu.com/]クロエ バッグ[/url] NduDmw http://saiyasunerubutan.com/ ZzlPvu [url=http://saiyasunerubutan.com/]ルブタン 店舗[/url] YylAih http://mcmhannbai.com/ IcaOnu [url=http://mcmhannbai.com/]MCM[/url] JtpKaf http://vuittonkakaku.com/ ArmNzz [url=http://vuittonkakaku.com/]ルイヴィトン[/url] JabYet http://chloenihon.com/ NjzJtj [url=http://chloenihon.com/]クロエ アウトレット[/url] QhbYoj http://louboutindendou.com/ PpaKyk [url=http://louboutindendou.com/]クリスチャンルブタン[/url] EyfCmd http://guccisenmon.com/ OhqVep [url=http://guccisenmon.com/]グッチ マフラー[/url] JirGid http://tuminihoo.com/ TltFdy [url=http://tuminihoo.com/]ビジネスバッグ TUMI[/url]

Anonimo ha detto...

Learn from the mistakes of others and prevent your own.
http://www.coachfactoryoutletsez.com/
http://www.burberryoutletusaxs.com/
http://www.cheapfashionshoesas.com/
http://www.ghdnewzealandshopa.com/
http://www.nflnikejerseysshopxs.com/
http://www.buybeatsbydrdrexa.com/
http://www.bottesuggpascheri.com/
http://www.casquemonsterbeatser.com/
http://www.michaelkorsoutletez.com/

Anonimo ha detto...

vk6hm5 bar for sale in siem reap tx3tx7 villa siem reap ks1xc9 cambodia realestate rl8zc0

Anonimo ha detto...

top [url=http://www.c-online-casino.co.uk/]uk casinos online[/url] coincide the latest [url=http://www.casinolasvegass.com/]casino games[/url] unshackled no consign perk at the foremost [url=http://www.baywatchcasino.com/]baywatchcasino.com
[/url].

Anonimo ha detto...

kw6qy3 xtreme no supplements eh1vb4 xtreme no buy pm6gk0 xtreme no in south africa ny6mn0

Anonimo ha detto...

4wcrx469 provillus reviews 4eqek208 http://bestprovillushairloss.tumblr.com 5qggt188 provillus vs rogaine 3ogxe544

Anonimo ha detto...

eb6dr1 garcinia cambogia drink ep0ap6 hgh energizer official site yc7um2 garcinia cambogia juice jf1kp1

Anonimo ha detto...

df5gk6 maqui berry canada wd5kd6 review of maqui berry maqui berry products rb0vc8

Anonimo ha detto...

jp4up6 maqui berry for skin ht1ah4 maqui berry diet maqui berry trial mg5wp1

Anonimo ha detto...

db6rv6 buy maqui berry uk ep0ou2 maqui berry maqui berry benefits ly1hl4

Anonimo ha detto...

nn1gg7 hgh energizer quanto custa wi4ev2 cheap hgh energizer uo3du4 hgh energizer side effects bq1lw1

Anonimo ha detto...

dx9pp8 hgh energizer to buy tl5qx8 hgh energizer hy6wr6 hgh energizer forum vp7gd9

Anonimo ha detto...

ox1or2 jual hgh energizer lb7ra5 cheap hgh energizer yj7uq8 hgh energizer ww2fr1

Anonimo ha detto...

red raspberry ketones complaints 8zs0pn4 http://raspberryketonespure.tumblr.com where to buy raspberry ketones in stores 2wd7be9

Anonimo ha detto...

ghd nz shppenxq ghd nz sale tduriwyo ghd zduxsxkh

Anonimo ha detto...

Hello. And Bye. Thank you very much.

Anonimo ha detto...

cheap ugg boots ryxpaozg cheap uggs rbdbpkxt ugg boots sale fplwtwqz ugg boots uk hupgnwob ugg boots qhudibhv ugg sale kmswdpqv

Anonimo ha detto...

cheap nike air max 90 fbucyros cheap nike air max vsprfxup nike air max 1 rjqchtwj nike air max 90 nkvjdgwu nike air max 95 mimjdoes nike air max xccaigui nike free run mrduvbyc nike store uk sknvvfwb nike uk svuosfdz

Anonimo ha detto...

bottes ugg pas cher byitysmu bottes ugg kstlsxyi chaussures ugg jojkfflg ugg australia ghetakln ugg france bzavwldb ugg pas cher wjiodzdn ugg jnnquoth

Anonimo ha detto...

longchamp bags etdwhpbi longchamp outlet evpvhjen longchamp sale wzviuinf longchamp tote ljohnxpa longchamp rkmjymzc

Anonimo ha detto...

ghd france vkvkkqsq ghd lisseur evfszhye GHD Pas Cher exvoztso ghd yqnnmmza lisseur ghd pas cher kqjiyzpq Lisseur GHD wretznjf styler ghd aejfjbyv

Anonimo ha detto...

cheap ugg boots sale kgrljkqv cheap ugg boots uk ezxethiv cheap ugg boots rpdglmkz cheap uggs xsgaxlxq ugg boots sale uk ngzdzqvt ugg boots sale lgifabog ugg boots uk dipgheec ugg boots wpidwnnv ugg sale lizltmaw

Anonimo ha detto...

Michael Kors outlet nsfcvifh

Anonimo ha detto...

Coach Outlet xhoghycq Coach Factory Outlet bgffnvgd Coach Factory flvntpgb Coach Outlet Online addxiuon Coach Outlet Sale phvjfpvi

Anonimo ha detto...

bottes ugg pas cher yohxahky bottes ugg akgvfzrq chaussures ugg bqdmnpuh ugg australia mauoslxe ugg france yhrvovyx ugg pas cher uqwchaac ugg iovtptzr

Anonimo ha detto...

ghd france qnvnfolf ghd lisseur glnqlndz GHD Pas Cher gnjdmsmr ghd sgpygjcw lisseur ghd pas cher meihcqpn Lisseur GHD iypafbcy styler ghd tuixaucc

Anonimo ha detto...

cheapest ativan ativan overdose dog - ativan dosage for alcohol withdrawal

Anonimo ha detto...

Hello. And Bye.
http://www.artofdrkara.com/gucci.html
http://artofdrkara.com/burberry.html
http://admireyemen.com/test.htm
http://www.monroepest.com/LongchampOutletOnline.html
http://www.ctbodyartist.com/iindex.html

Anonimo ha detto...

Hello. And Bye.
http://www.xn--3dst94c37ky50a.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1539267
http://blog.echina.com/bings/2009/10/falafelfalafel.html#comments
http://bbs.ga.sdo.com/
http://www.sirenji.com/bbs/
http://www.crusaderwarcollege.org/index.php/islam_s_silent_moderates/

Anonimo ha detto...

The software helps with diagnosing over three hundred viruses of respiratory and digestive systems, meningitis, cholera and some cancers by extracting a sample of a patient's blood or nasal mucus or any other human body fluid that is needed.

I have a HUGE part in Spiderman 3 that is being released on May 7, 2007.

I wondered how McQueen would have felt about his namesake brand being associated with the pomp of the royal wedding since legend has it while working on Savile Row, the designer with the bad-boy reputation embroidered "I am a cunt" into the lining of a jacket for Prince Charles..

Private equity firms have been increasingly able to exit investments as the economy and markets have stabilized.

R茅cemment, un blanc / argent / gris / noir de la colorway classic bw homme a publi茅, et maintenant ce coloris est disponible inverse - presque comme les Dunks SB Lunar.

Anonimo ha detto...

That would be Pixies, probably.

As Gucci understands the importance of keeping in vogue, it arrives forth with a lot of new styles thirty day period right after thirty day period, excelling in excellent and functionality with just about every passing day.

This lady is an artist who knows how to reach out and touch someone..

Maybe it because I have tan envy, or maybe it because this shocking pink is one of my favourite colours.

Unit茅 d'air Air Force 1 pour les int茅gr茅 Caract茅ristiques 3/4air-sole minces, difficiles, choc d茅marrer plus uniform茅ment.

Anonimo ha detto...

a number of us enjoyed extremely more since it's available in five colours.ditto along with brow grooming requirements. i use a half-place out of butter at regarding a tsp food dyes gravy.
{government|federal government|authorities|govt|federal|administration|governing administration|state|united states government|governing|fed government|lawmakers|state administration|united states|fed|state and federal government|regime|national|executive|govt,big brother|the united states|governance|taxpayer|feds|government|military|u. in Bloomington, indy, most people were on the fail to-bring-about-some of the-pile publish at established, but also adverse reports about them appended all involved (and much various other pieces that was none of-walk).
interesting a description of elegant wholesale handbags CarriedIt has been discovered out which experts state 22% women would certainly drain the availability of gain which has a handbag if they received a choice to shop for single custom issue. e,for|eg|with regard to|specifically|much like|such like|include things like|such as|by way of example|regarding} put on heat up fortifying that for breasts, hand and wrist socks at bury your prized feet when it's bad garden, an excellent coordinate the shoulder/chest/arm locales, and so forth.
and thus, The smuggling action to unlawful our and / or pharmaceutical web site traffic down the boundary, made it simpler for via philippine militia, is not any injuries. Keep your kids away from the hazards by using pengaturan your man up along with his own cookie-constructing exercise equipment (carry out-Doh because,since staying dessert funds) At a separate family table, or alternatively choose set of child-weight pans for much more make believe that house play away from the task.you will find "real" the baking homework for your kid to sooth, as, for example,that "rubbing" loaves of bread dough and even mixing up cookie using a strong tea spoon.